The comparative toxicity of xanthones and tannins in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract against BHK-21 fibroblast cell culture

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the toxicity level of xanthones and tannins derived from mangosteen pericarp extract at specific concentrations against BHK-21 fibroblast cell cultures. Methods: Mangosteen was extracted using a maceration method with ethanol 96%. Xanthones were isolated from the chloroform extract, whereas tannins were isolated using acetone alcohol and serial diluted to 100% concentration. Toxicity levels were monitored after 24 h using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay technique by ELISA reader at 620 nm. Results: Viable cells of BHK-21 against xanthone concentration began to decrease (40.24%) at 3.98% xanthones, whereas viable cells of BHK-21 against tannin concentration began to decrease (68.06%) at 2.2% tannins. Conclusion: It is suggested that tannins were more toxic than the xanthones derived from mangosteen pericarp.