Regenerative braking in electric vehicles with all-wheel drive

Given an all–wheel drive (AWD) electric vehicle, an energy optimal strategy for regenerative braking is presented as an extension to a known front wheel drive (FWD) only strategy. Different types of motors and their power capability are considered. The all–wheel drive and a front wheel drive setup are compared based on simulation of multiple driving cycles (NEDC, FTP75, SFTP, and NYCC). The presented analysis can be used for design of electric vehicles with all–wheel drive system (AWD).