Role of magnesium in the dietary cation-anion balance equation for ruminants.

Abstract Eight midlactation Holstein cows (four primiparous) were assigned to replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The basal diet was formulated to contain 0 milliequivalents (Na + K) - C1/100g of diet DM. Treatment diets of high and low dietary cation-anion balance were achieved by adding appropriate amounts of supplemental Na + K (added on an equivalent basis) or Mg to the basal diet. Milk and protein yield were increased as well as DMI and FCM for Na + K diets. The high concentration of cation increased milk fat percentage. The cation-anion balance (using Mg as a cation) had no effect on any of the production parameters observed. The higher cation-anion balances increased blood bicarbonate levels and plasma Na. Urinary Ca excretion was increased for the Mg diets. Urinary pH increased with both the source of cation (Na + K) and the concentration of cation (high) in the diet. Other minerals were unaffected in milk, plasma, or urine. Responses measured in this trial reflect treatments calculated using the equation milliequivalents (Na + K) - C1/100 log diet DM or (Na + K) - (C1 + S)/100g diet DM, suggesting that Mg plays a minor role in dietary cation-anion balance.