Politique agricole et agriculture aux Etats-Unis: evolution et enjeux actuels//Agriculture and Agricultural Policy in the United States: evolution and issues

rison with the European Union First introduced in 1933 agricultural policies in the United States have been based on combination of supply controls and farm price support in 1996 the legislation changed and the new system now gives direct in come support payments without any supply control These supports spurred on the increase of production and labor productivity in the agricultural sector which al lows the US farms to be amongst the most productive in the World Despite this US export market share have tended to decline since the largely due to the steady increasing competition from the European Union and the CAIRN countries mainly Brazil Argentina and Australia change that has raised new issues and concerns Among them are the need to increase the share of high value products in the US agricultural exports the European Union appears to be ahead in this area the capitalization of subsidies into land value accruing mainly to landowners the negative impact of wealthier countries high agricultural support and subsidies on the agriculture of developing countries which has lead to the failure of the last meeting Mots-cles tats-Unis Union europeenne politique agricole production agricole ex ploitations agricoles exportations agricoles Key-words United States of America European Union agricultural policy agricultural pro duction agricultural structures agricultural trade