Effect of Dusty Particles on Darcy-Brinkman Gravity-Driven Ferro-Thermal-Convection in a Ferrofluid Saturated Porous Layer with Internal Heat Source: Influence of Boundaries

In the present work, penetrative ferro-thermal-convection (FTC) via internal heating in a ferrofluid-saturated porous layer for different types of velocity, temperature and magnetic potential bounding surfaces, is investigated theoretically. A Galerkin-type based on weighted residual method has been used to obtain the eigenvalue problem. The stability of the system is notably influenced on porous medium via internal heating. It is demonstrated that paramagnetic surface with large magnetic susceptibility $$ (\chi > 0) $$ delay the FTC as compared to very low magnetic susceptibility $$ (\chi = 0) $$ as well as ferromagnetic ones. Increase in heat source strength, non-linearity of magnetization, dust particles and magnetic number hasten, while increase in viscosity ratio, concentration parameter and inverse Darcy number delay the onset. The rigid paramagnetic surfaces induct more stabilizing effect on FTC compared to very low magnetic susceptibility as well as ferromagnetic surfaces. In limiting cases, some results published previously are recovered from the present results.