Faults in DC Networks

Understanding of dc fault characteristics is very important for designing robust protection system. This chapters presents the analytical expressions for the different types of dc faults, namely pole-to-pole (PP) and pole-to-ground (PG). Firstly, fault current calculation for current source converter (CSC)-based dc system is presented. This is followed by fault current calculation for voltage source converter (VSC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based dc system. Travelling wave-based fault current calculation is introduced, followed by simulation examples.