Frequency spectra and waveguiding of a family of daisy modes in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We have observed stable single-mode oscillation in a family of high-order daisy modes for a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser that is optically-pumped with a doughnut-shaped beam. Measurements of the frequency separations and the radial profiles of the various modes show that the waveguiding has a near-quadratic nature.