On the Thermodynamics of Nanoparticle Formation

The results of thermodynamic studies of the nucleation of nanoparticles and the conditions for their sustainable existence are reported. An expression is obtained for the Gibbs free energy change during the formation of nanoparticles. It is proved that the ensemble of nanoparticles is an unstable system, and the conditions under which the nanoparticle is stable are substantiated. Methods are proposed for the formation of nanostructured materials from stable nanoparticles.