A parlagfű (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) ökológiája és genetikai változékonysága = Ecology and genetic diversity of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)

Az elmult 10-15 ev soran az Eszak-Amerikabol Europaba behurcolt uromlevelű parlagfű (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Kelet-Kozep Europa egyik legelterjedtebb allergen gyomnovenyeve valt. Ennek ellenere okologiajarol keveset tudunk, a kelet-kozep-europai populaciok genetikai valtozekonysaga pedig, amely esetleg pontos eredetukre is fenyt vethetne, egyaltalan nem ismert. Munkank soran a Parizsi Egyetem kutatoival egyuttműkodve megallapitottuk, hogy a kelet-europai parlagfű-populaciok mikroszatellit-profiljaik alapjan jelentősen kulonboznek mind a francia, mind pedig az amerikai populacioktol. Ugyanakkor mind a kelet-europai, mind pedig a francia parlagfű-populaciok tobb kulonboző, egymastol elterő amerikai (őshonos) populacio alleljait hordozzak, vagyis ugy tűnik, hogy az europai populaciok egymastol kulonboző eszak-amerikai populaciok keverekeiből szarmaznak. Sikerult kimutatni azt is, hogy megindult a kelet- es nyugat-europai invazios populaciok keveredese a kontinensen. A megkezdett nemzetkozi egyuttműkodest egy EU-projekt kereteben probaljuk folytatni. | During the past 10-15 years, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), introduced to Europe from North America, has become one of the most widespread and most allergenic weeds in Central-Eastern Europe. However, its ecology is still little understood and nothing is known about the genetic diversity of its Central-Eastern European populations. Genetic patterns could be useful to determine the exact sources of origin of the European invasive populations. The present project, carried out in collaboration with University of Paris, revealed that the microsatellite profiles of the Central-Eastern European ragweed populations clearly differ from those of the French and American populations. Both Eastern and Western European invasive populations harbor alleles present in different American native populations. This suggests that the Eastern and the Western European ragweed populations originate from different mixtures of native populations. Our study has also revealed that the Eastern and the Western European populations have already started to admix. We plan to continue the collaboration with University of Paris within the framework of an EU-project.