Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma: Can Biomarkers Replace Imaging?

Treatment of liver and biliary tract cancer is most effective for early and localized disease. Effective screening methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) will lead to early detection and treatment, and thus improvement in survival. Patients at risk of developing HCC and CCA will benefit the most from effective surveillance strategies. In this review, we provide an update on the current status of HCC and CCA surveillance and describe the recent efforts on biomarker development.