Evaluating renal Arterial Wall by non-enhanced 2D and 3D free-breathing black-blood techniques: Initial experience

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate feasibility and reproducibility of 2D and 3D black-blood sequences in measuring morphology of renal arterial wall. Methods: The 2D and 3D imaging sequences used variable-refocusing-flip-angle and constant-low-refocusing-flip-angle turbo spin echo (TSE) readout respectively, with delicately selected black-blood scheme and respiratory motion trigger for free-breathing imaging. Fourteen healthy subjects and three patients with Takayasu arteritis underwent renal artery wall imaging with 3D double inversion recovery (DIR) TSE and 2D Variable Flip Angle-TSE (VFA-TSE) black-blood sequences at 3.0 T. Four healthy subjects were randomly selected for scan-rescan reproducibility experiments. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and morphology of arterial wall were measured and compared using paired-t-test or Wilcoxon test between 2D and 3D sequences. The inter-observer, intra-observer and scan-rescan agreements of above measurements were determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The 2D and 3D imaging sequences showed similar morphological measurements (lumen area, wall area, mean wall thickness and maximum wall thickness) of renal arterial wall (all P > 0.05) and excellent agreement (ICC: 0.853–0.954). Compared to 2D imaging, 3D imaging exhibited significantly lower SNRlumen (P  Conclusions: Both high-resolution free-breathing 2D VFA-TSE and 3D DIR TSE black-blood sequences enable feasible and reproducible high-resolution renal arterial wall imaging. The 2D imaging has high SNR, whereas 3D imaging has high imaging efficiency.