A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE PHARMACOGENOMICS OF ANTICANCER DRUGS IN TARGETED THERAPY

Over the last 20 years, the area of pharmacogenomics has achieved incredible advances in oncology, and to verify this, dozens of new pre-emptive genetic tests are routinely performed prior to the administration of anticancer medications [1].  Meddling RNA Atoms, Small Molecule Inhibitors (SMIs), MicroRNA (miRNA), Meddling RNA Atoms are employed in targeted therapy for research and contemporary cancer treatment [2].   The use of these new experts results in a multidimensional improvement in the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs. Individual PK changeability is frequently considerable, and capriciousness can be detected in the patient's response to his or her pharmacogenetic profile. An overall analysis of all components, including the somatic genome, aids in the more accurate and safe determination of anticancer medication response [3]. Individual pharmacogenomic profiles provide oncologists with fresh information that allows them to develop the optimal medication for their patients while maximising efficiency and avoiding damage [4]. This necessitates a broad perspective that considers the benefits, drawbacks, efficacy, and applicability of the ideal pharmacological method for a customised therapeutic therapy [5]. Combination therapy is used to improve the efficacy of anticancer treatments while lowering their toxicity. New medication classifications based on target specificity are being developed [6]. Chemotherapy affects the DNA, while monoclonal antibodies and tiny compounds affect the protein. Genomic technology is becoming less expensive and more widely available [7]. This study summarises available knowledge on pharmacogenomics of anticancer medications, classification of these drugs, and a comparison of targeted therapy and other approaches. More chances for these cures and medications to advance, resulting in a world free of cancer. Until now, weighty logical proof hasn't supported the use of mAbs and SMIs for therapeutic purposes. As a result, the physician should evaluate the favourable circumstances and constraints, as well as the viability and relevance, of the most appropriate pharmacological approach to implementing a personalised treatment [8].       Broad exertion should allow for more concentrated treatments, allowing for greater characterization of fixation impact linkages and similar randomised precursors to conventional doses [9]. Profiles of individual pharmacogenomics could serve as a key for oncologists, who will have new tools to detail the most appropriate medication for their patients, increasing efficacy while limiting side effects [10].   Keywords: Antineoplastic drugs ; Small Molecules Inhibitors (SMIs) ; Pharmacokinetics (PK) ; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) ; MicroRNAs (miRNA)      Figure 1: Classification of Anticancer drugs on targeted therapy. Table 1: Personalized medicine clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine. BrandName (Antibody type) Target(s)  *FDA approved     Toxicities & Precautions Tarceva (Erlotinib) EGFR (HER1/ ERBB1) Positive -NSCLC -Pancreatic Cancer Acneiform Rash, Conjunctivitis Zelboraf (Vemurafenib) BRAF Melanoma (BRAF V600 mutation) Rash, QT Prolongation Mekinist  (Trametinib) Mekinist (Trametinib) Melanoma (BRAF V600 mutation) Rash, Lymphedema Provenge (Sipuleucel-T) Autologous Cellular Immunotherapy      Prostate Cancer (Hormone-Refractory) Chills, Fatigue, Fever, Back Pain Gazyva (Obinutuzumab) CD20               CLL Musculoskeletal  Disorder