African American Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Have a Distinct Phenotype of Polyposis Associated with Increased Asthma Hospitalization

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the upper airways that is often categorized into subtypes including "with" and "without" nasal polyps. However, the influence of multiple important epidemiologic factors, including race, on CRS has not been investigated. Objective The present study assessed various phenotypic characteristics of CRS in patients, living in the United States, with different racial backgrounds. Methods We performed a large retrospective cohort study of patients with CRS treated at a large urban tertiary care referral center in Chicago. Results African American (AA) patients with CRS living in Chicago were more likely to report hyposmia as a symptom of CRS. Furthermore, AA patients with CRS who failed medical therapy and required surgical intervention had a significantly higher frequency of nasal polyposis and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and a higher disease severity index on computed tomography imaging than did white patients with CRS. The increased polyposis in AAs was associated with increased hospitalization for asthma. There were no differences in the prevalence of atopy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, duration of disease, or number of surgeries between different races. Conclusions AAs with refractory CRS are at increased risk for nasal polyposis, smell loss, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and a greater severity of disease based on imaging, resulting in increased health care utilization.