Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Abstract Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy amongst Caucasians and occurs sporadically in all other populations. NMSC are comprised of predominantly basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell (SCC) carcinoma among other rarer types of cutaneous malignancy. UV radiation exposure initiates approximately 90% of NMSC resulting in malignant transformation of keratinocytes. Despite improvements in public awareness and warnings of the harmful effects of excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure, the incidence of NMSC has risen by 3%–8% per year since 1960 with an almost 300% increase in the past two decades in the United States. This trend is predicted to continue as populations age worldwide. Fortunately, NMSC mortality is reducing due to a combination of earlier diagnosis and advances in treatment. While traditional treatment modalities once centered on surgical excision, there have been steady advances in nonoperative modalities, resulting in a broader spectrum of treatment options. As leaders in surgery of the skin and related tissues, it is essential that plastic surgeons have a thorough understanding of NMSC, including both current and future management options so that the important trend of improved survival continues long into the future.