Mechanism of Ventricular Defibrillation The Role of Tissue Geometry in the Changes in Transmembrane Potential in Patterned Myocyte Cultures

Background—The geometry of the myocardium may influence changes in transmembrane potential (ΔVm) during defibrillation. To test this hypothesis, specific nonlinear structures (bifurcations, expansions, and curved strands or “bends”) were created in patterned cultures of neonatal rat myocytes. Methods and Results—Extracellular field stimuli (EFS; 7 to 11 V/cm field strength) were applied parallel to the strands. Changes in Vm were measured with microscopic resolution using optical mapping techniques. In bifurcations, EFS produced 2 ΔVm maxima (so-called secondary sources) at the shoulder of each limb that were separated by a decrease of either hyperpolarization or depolarization at the insertion of the stem strand. In expansions, EFS produced a significant decrease in ΔVm at the insertion site of the expansion compared with the ΔVm maxima measured at the lateral borders. In 50% of experiments, tertiary sources of opposite polarity appeared in the strand due to local electrotonic currents. New action potent...