A k–ℓ turbulence closure sensitized to non-simple shear flows

This paper introduces a two-equation turbulence model sensitized to deviations from simple shear flows. The closure is topography-parameter-free and is based on solving transport equations for the turbulence kinetic energy (k) and the turbulence length-scale (l). Brief model derivation details are given and test cases are presented to compare the model's performance to other closures and to experimental data. The flow examples demonstrate the advantage of the k–l model in non-simple shear flows.