Is there any interaction between sex and renal function change during hospital stay in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure

Background Renal dysfunction is a strong predictor of outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). However, less is known about how sex may influence the prognostic import of renal function in AHF. Methods In a post-hoc analysis of the ASCEND-HF trial including 5,377 patients with AHF (33% female), patients were categorized into three groups based on the changes in renal function during their hospital stay. Worsening, stable, and improving renal functions (RF) were defined as ≥20% decline, Results Median baseline and discharge eGFR were 58.4 and 56.9 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. Worsening, stable and improving RF was observed in 31.9%, 63.2, and 4.9% of patients, respectively. Worsening RF was associated with adverse outcomes at 30 days (Adjusted Hazard ratio, aHR 1.47, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI 1.22, 1.76). This association existed in both males and females (aHR=1.42 and aHR=1.56, respectively, both p Conclusion Irrespective of sex, worsening RF was associated with poorer outcomes at 30 days in patients with AHF. More studies are warranted to further delineate the possible sex differences in this setting.