Special Marking of 3D Networks’ Points for the Monitoring of Modern Constructions

In order to monitor the deformations of modern constructions a local 3D network was usually being established at the surrounding area. The centering error, of both the instrument and targets, causes significant uncertainties in the determination of the x, y, z coordinates of the network’s points. In order to assure precise centering for both the instrument and targets, not only for the accessible but also for the inaccessible network’s points, a prototype way of marking is being implied. A special semi-permanent portable metallic stand (photo 1) was manufactured for marking the accessible points. The stand provides forced instrument centering of the order of ±0.1mm. It is light enough to carry, it accelerates and facilitates the centering and leveling of the instrument as well as it eliminates the time needed for the measurements. The applied laboratory checks in order to certify the suitability of its use and the provided accuracy are being described. For the inaccessible points special targets were used. The targets were put in permanent attachments (photo 7), (photo 8), which were also manufactured. Useful conclusions were drawn when these special accessories were used in to a 3D network, which was established for the monitoring of a new football stadium. Two measurement phases were carried out. The first one with the stadium being empty and the second one when it was crowded (about 32000 people) during a significant