Lethal encounters: The evolving spectrum of amoebic meningoencephalitis

Abstract The free-living amoebae are thermophilic organisms that may play an increasing role among diseases of a warming world. They are uncommon, accidental, yet high consequence pathogens, with differing pathologic syndromes. New prospects for diagnosis and life-saving treatment make early disease recognition imperative. We review the three most commonly diagnosed species that infect humans: Naegleria fowleri , Acanthamoeba species, and Balamuthia mandrillaris .