Composition and biological effects of Salvia ringens (Lamiaceae) essential oil and extracts

Abstract This comprehensive study was carried out in order to investigate composition and biological activities of essential oil and extracts of Salvia ringens Sibth. & Sm. (Lamiaceae) originating from Macedonia. Major components of the oil, analyzed using GC-FID and GC–MS, were monoterpenes 1.8-cineole (31.99%), camphene (17.06%), borneol (11.94%) and α-pinene (11.52%). HPLC analysis showed presence of 17 phenolic components, mainly in methanol and ethyl acetate, followed by ethanol, water and dichloromethane extracts. Total phenolics and flavonoids as well as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Essential oil, ethanol, and water extracts showed antimicrobial activity using microdilution method. Ethanol and water extracts performed cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma HCT-116 cell line using MTT assay. According to the obtained results, S. ringens herb can be considered as the potential source of the essential oil and/or raw material for the extraction and isolation of natural compounds with a range of biological activities.