Use of TBAg/PHA ratio in distinguishing tuberculoma from cancer in solitary pulmonary nodule or mass

Introduction: Differentiation of tuberculoma from cancer in solitary pulmonary nodule or mass still remains a major challenge in diagnostic laboratories. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the performance of T-SPOT.TB assay in discriminating these two diseases. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 331 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass on CT scans. Conventional tests and T-SPOT.TB assay were simultaneously performed in all participants. Results: Our results showed that the performance of directly using T-SPOT.TB results in distinguishing tuberculoma from cancer in solitary pulmonary nodule or mass was not satisfactory because of moderate sensitivity and specificity. However, a further calculation of the ratio of TB-specific antigen (TBAg) to Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (TBAg/PHA ratio) of T-SPOT.TB assay may lead to improvement in distinguishing these two diseases. If using the threshold value of 0.236, the sensitivity and specificity of the TBAg/PHA ratio in distinguishing tuberculoma from cancer in solitary pulmonary nodule or mass were respectively 80.6% and 93.3%. The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.921 (95% CI, 0.875-0.967). Furthermore, the TBAg/PHA ratio may also be used to distinguish tuberculoma from other benign diseases (AUC: 0.909, sensitivity: 85.07%, specificity: 90%). Conclusions: Calculation of the TBAg/PHA ratio might provide a useful non-invasive tool for distinguishing tuberculoma from cancer in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass in TB-endemic countries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.