Trusted and Secure Design of Analog/RF ICs: Recent Developments

Unlike the extensive research effort that has been expended over the last 15 years in understanding the threats of hardware Trojans, piracy and counterfeiting of digital Integrated Circuits (ICs), and in developing appropriate prevention and detection solutions, the topic of security and trust remains in a rather nascent state for their analog/radio-frequency (RF) counterparts. Indeed, as shown in a recent survey, which summarized and presented the available body of knowledge in trusted and secure design of analog/RF ICs, our understanding of the pertinent threats and our ability to thwart them through existing solutions are both rather limited. However, given the widespread use of analog functionality (i.e., physical interfaces, sensors, actuators, wireless communications, etc.) in most contemporary systems, comprehending their vulnerabilities and devising pertinent remedies is urgently required. In this paper, we discuss the limitations of the current state-of-the-art in this field, we highlight recent developments, and we suggest research directions and steps to be taken toward designing, fabricating and deploying trusted and secure analog/RF ICs.