Fenologia, florivoria e biologia reprodutiva de Solanum rhytidoandrum Sendtn (Solanaceae), uma espécies andromonoica

We analyzed the phenology, floral biology, sexual and reproductive systems and the reproductive success of Solanum rhytidoandrum Sendtn., so as the effects of florivory in their reproductive success. The phenological observations were carried out monthly for two years and the type and intensity of florivoria were evaluated monthly for a year. Over all, 600 were analyzed flowers / buds, by registering: pistil size, presence / absence of floral damage, damaged part, type and extent of damage, pollen counts and eggs. For evaluation of the sexual and reproductive systems, reproductive success, and the effect of florivory on the reproductive success of the species, controlled and natural pollination treatments were performed in flower of Solanum rhytidoandrum. The species presented a pattern of continuous bloom, its flowers are melittophilous and feature pollination mechanism vibrating. Two morphs were observed that occurred simultaneously in each individual: 1) flowers with long pistil, greater than the anthers, hermaphrodites and 2) flowers with short pistil, below the level of the anthers, which failed to form fruits, and functional male and species, thus andromonoecious. It was observed that 51% of the flowers / buds were healthy, and 49% had some type of damage. Of these, 72% were of direct effect and 28% of direct and indirect effects. Action was identified five florivorous: 1). Trigona sp 2) Lepidoptera sp 3) sp.1 Hymenoptera, 4) Hymenoptera sp.2 5) Kapala sp.. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), which showed no preference for either of the two morphs. The occurrence of florivoria reduced by 67% the reproductive success of the species.