Device and method for controlling residual stress on surface of metal microstructure

The invention discloses a device and a method for controlling the residual stress on the surface of a metal microstructure. A laser micro shot blasting generation system and a measuring feedback system are respectively connected with a control system; a pulse laser beam is focused on an area to be subjected to shot blasting on the surface of a workpiece; incident X rays emitted by a synchronous accelerating irradiation light source enter a measurement box, are diffracted by the surface of the workpiece and then are received by a detector; electric pulse is amplified by an amplifier and enters a pulse height analyzer; signal pulse is transmitted to a counter, processed by a microcomputer and fed back to a computer control system by the microcomputer for error analysis and parameter correction; and a charge Coupled device (CCD) optical camera is used for positioning and monitoring a processing area on the surface of the workpiece. The invention effectively controls the residual stress on the surface of the metal microstructure, improves the mechanical properties of the metal micro component, prolongs the service life of the metal micro component, and enables the surface of the metalmicro component to generate the residual pressure stress with the depth up to over 20mu m and the pressure ranging from -120 to -100Mpa.