Quadrivalvular heart disease: transition from congenital pulmonary stenosis to rheumatic disease.

: The case is reported of a 36-year-old male patient suffering from congenital pulmonary stenosis who previously had undergone pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty. During the past nine years, he had experienced recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever that gradually damaged all four heart valves. The patient underwent aortic, mitral and pulmonary valve replacement with tricuspid valve annuloplasty and pulmonary artery reconstruction. Histologically, all heart valves--including the pulmonary--had similar changes that corresponded to chronic rheumatic disease.