Predictors of Timely Follow-Up Care Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adults After Psychiatric Hospitalization

Objective: This study examined whether predictors of timely follow-up care after inpatient psychiatric discharge in non-Medicaid populations also predicted timely follow-up care among Medicaid-enrolled adults. Methods: The study examined the rates of seven- and 30-day follow-up care for 6,730 Medicaid-enrolled adults discharged from inpatient psychiatric facilities during 2004 and 2005 by using claims data from the largest Medicaid managed behavioral health organization in a large mid-Atlantic state. The relationship between predictor variables and timely aftercare was examined by using multiple logistic regression. Results: Thirty percent of individuals received follow-up care within seven days, and 49% received follow-up care within 30 days. After the analysis controlled for age and gender, those receiving clinical services in the 30 days before hospitalization were significantly more likely to receive follow-up care within seven days (odds ratio [OR]=3.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.20–4.03) than individuals with longer inpatient stays (ten or more days) (OR=1.34, CI=1.15–1.57) and individuals from urban communities (OR=1.18, CI=1.05–1.34). African Americans (OR=.69, CI=.60–.78), individuals with co-occurring behavioral health and substance use disorders (OR=.78, CI=.68–.89), individuals involuntarily admitted (OR=.79, CI=.68–.91), and individuals discharged against medical advice (OR=.59, CI=.39–.87) were significantly less likely than their comparison groups to receive follow-up care within seven days. Thirty-day follow-up care results were similar. Conclusions: Patient sociodemographic, clinical, and service utilization characteristics predicted timely follow-up care. Efforts to improve follow-up care utilization should target higher-risk individuals while developing and evaluating interventions to address specific barriers in these groups. (Psychiatric Services 58:1563–1569, 2007)