New Government and Old Bureaucrats:the Transformation of Central Government Officials

Whether it was the change of emperors in the pre-1911 revolution time,the alteration of government due to the 1911 revolution,or the change of parties in democratic countries,the changes of government inevitably influence the construction of government officials.It is generally acceptable for new governments to employ new officials.However,what sounds strange was that in the Nanjing National Government,neither old officials nor new officials seemed new enough,and the new government could not offer a refreshing aspect in the construction of its officials.Such phenomena might be characteristic of the first half of the 20th century,but also brought a sense of unpredictable shadow for the new-born democratic country.