Source wavelet estimation by upward extrapolation

A new deterministic technique for wavelet estimation and deconvolution of seismic traces was recently introduced. This impedance‐type technique was developed for a marine environment where both the source and the receivers are located inside a homogeneous layer of water. In this work, an extension of the theory of source wavelet estimation is proposed. As in previous publications, this method is based on extrapolation of the wave field measured at depth, upward to the free surface. The extrapolation is performed by using the finite‐difference approximation to the full inhomogeneous wave equation. The extrapolation results in a wavelet which generally includes ghosts and can be used for source signature deconvolution and deghosting. The method needs two closely spaced receivers and is applicable for arbitrary locations of the source and the receivers in one‐dimensional multilayered models, provided the source is above the receivers; furthermore, it can be applied to both marine and land data. Application o...