Rosszindulatú szájüregi daganatos megbetegedések epidemiológiai vizsgálata, korszerű kivizsgálása és kezelése Északkelet-Magyarországon = Epidemiology, contemporary diagnostic and treatment of oral cavity cancer in North-East Hungary

2008 
A palyazati tamogatassal vegzett retrospektiv vizsgalatban 119 oralis laphamrakos (OSCC) beteg manifesztacios tuneteit, kornyezeti kockazati tenyezőit, szovettani leletet, human papillomavirus (HPV) statuszat, kezeleset es korlefolyasat tanulmanyoztuk. Ezt kovetően 496 daganatos beteget es 109 oralis leukoplakias (OL) es oralis lichen planusban (OLP) szenvedő beteget prospektiven tanulmanyoztunk. Eszak-Kelet Magyarorszagon evente 100-150 de novo OSCC es 30-45 rakmegelőző allapotot (OL, OLP) korismezunk. A retrospektiv es a prospektiv vizsgalatok adatai szerint fokozodik az előrehaladott tumorok incidenciaja, a nők es a fiatal betegek aranya. A HPV-infekcio prevalenciaja az intralezionalis es az extralezionalis szovetmintakban szignifikansan magasabb volt, mint egeszseges kontroll nyalkahartya mintakban. A magas rizikoju HPV genom kimutatasa valoszinűsiti a virus etiologiai szerepet es felhivja a figyelmet a prevencio fontossagara. Az uj diagnosztikus eljarasok: 18F-fluorodezoxi-glukoz pozitronemisszos tomografia, uj markerek vizsgalata (p21WAF1/CIP1-, Ki-67-, ciklin D1-, p53-, Rb-, p16INK4A-, EGFR-kifejeződes, tumorinfiltralo mononuklearis sejtek, p53 genpolimorfizmus) hozzajarulnak a pontosabb rizikobecsleshez, celzott terapias eljarasok bevezetesehez, a betegek tulelesenek es eletminősegenek javitasahoz. Az epidemiologiai adatok figyelembe vetelevel uj, nemzeti oralis higienes es rakmegelőző program megtervezese es meginditasa valik szuksegesse. | Manifestation signs, environmental risk faktors, histology, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, treatment and outcome of 119 patients with oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) were studied retrospectively supported by the grant. Next, 496 OSCC patients and 109 patients with precancerous lesions, oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP) were included in a follow-up study. There are an annual 100-150 de novo OSCC and 30-45 OL and OLP cases in North-East Hungary with an increasing incidence of patients with advanced lesions as well as an increasing frequency of female and young patients. Intra- and extralesional prevalence of HPV exceeded significantly the HPV infection rate of healthy oral mucosa of control persons. The presence of high-risk HPV genome in OSCC OL and OLP suggested an etiological role of the virus in oral tumorigenesis and may underline the importance of prevention. Novel diagnostic approaches, such as: 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positronemission tomography, investigation of new markers (p21WAF1/CIP1-, Ki-67-, cyclin D1-, p53-, Rb-, p16INK4A-, EGFR-expression, tumorinfiltrating mononuclear cells, p53 gene polymorphysm) contribute to a more exact risk assessment, to the development of targeted therapeutic modalities, thus to the improvement of survival and quality-of-life of patients. Based on the results of our study, novel nationwide oral hygiene project, including cancer prevention strategy can be planned and should be launched.
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