Ultrasonication techniques used for the preparation of novel Eugenol-Nanoemulsion in the treatment of wounds healings and anti-inflammatory

Abstract Aim of the study To develop a nanoemulsion–nanoformulation, in order to enhance skin permeation via transdermal drug delivery in the treatment of wounds healing and anti-inflammatory action. Material and methods Eugenol (EUG), Tween-80 and Labrasol were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. For nanoemulsion preparation, an aqueous micro titration method followed by a high energy ultra-sonication method was used whereas three-factor three-level central composite design was employed to get the best nanoformulation. The independent variables selected for the optimization were %oil, %S mix and sonication time (seconds). Results Based on the constraints applied for independent and dependent variables, the optimized formulation was selected with 5.0% oil, 10% S mix and a sonication time of 45 s. The experimental values observed for dependent variables such as hydrodynamic diameter (nm), % transmittance and PDI were found to be 89.98 ± 6.48 nm, 98.76 ± 0.37% and 0.238 ± 0.021, respectively. Results showed; a spherical shape (TEM and SEM−assisted morphological characterization), Zeta potential (−10.05 ± 0.11), refractive index (1.63 ± 0.038), viscosity (35 ± 6 cp), pH (7.4 ± 0.08) and drug content of 98.01 ± 0.10%, for optimized EUG-NE. Furthermore, in vivo skin irritation studies revealed that the prepared EUG-NE was devoid of any skin irritation potential (erythema and edema). Results of this study revealed that EUG-NE prepared with Tween-80 could be used to enhance the transdermal delivery of EUG. Conclusion A significant role of EUG-NE as observed after high wounds healing and anti-inflammatory treatment of the formulation supports the easy transdermal delivery for EUG-NE without any irritation.