Raman spectra and DFT calculations for tetraterpene hydrocarbons from the L race of the green microalga Botryococcus braunii

Abstract The green microalga Botryococcus braunii produces large amounts of liquid hydrocarbons that can be used as a renewable source for producing transportation fuels. In the L race of B. braunii the tetraterpene known as lycopadiene accumulates as the main hydrocarbon. Lycopadiene biosynthesis begins with the production of the eight carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) containing molecule lycopaoctaene, which is reduced to lycopadiene through four intermediates containing less C=C bonds. While the biosynthetic pathway for these hydrocarbons has recently been deciphered, a spectroscopic understanding of the molecular structure for these molecules remains to be reported. Here we describe the vibrational frequency assignments for all six L race hydrocarbons using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that these molecules have between 312 and 348 vibrational frequencies. Experimental Raman spectroscopy analysis shows the regions for ν(C=C) stretch and CH 2 /CH 3 bending vibrations offer unique spectral signatures allowing for the differentiation of several of the hydrocarbons from each other.