The Martian ionosphere at solar minimum: Empirical model validation using MAVEN ROSE data

Abstract The Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE; Withers et al., 2018, 2020) on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) satellite has produced over 400 electron density profiles from July 2016 to November 2019. These Ne(h) profiles occurred over a large range of solar zenith angles (54o- 130o) and solar flux conditions (24–54 solar flux units at Mars). One of the goals of the MAVEN mission is to characterize the status of the topside ionosphere at Mars as a reservoir of possible escaping plasma. Here we evaluate how ROSE topside ionospheric measurements, made predominantly under solar minimum conditions, compare with the only empirical model of the topside ionosphere (Němec et al., 2019). To assess congruence between the model and the observations, a deviation factor (DF) is calculated for each predicted versus observed Ne(h) profile. Diurnally, low DFs (and thus higher agreement) occur for occultations with solar zenith angles (SZA)