Chapter I Serotyping of Bacteria

Publisher Summary The use of serological methods for epidemiological typing is based upon the fact that microorganisms frequently show variations in antigenic constitution, not only between distantly related or unrelated organisms, but also within groups of closely related organisms. The identification of the antigens of microorganisms by means of specific antibodies, therefore, often allows very fine subdivision of microbial taxa, and greatly facilitates the surveillance and control of the spread of pathogenic micro-organisms. Microorganisms produce a wide variety of antigens, many of which can be utilized in identification and epidemiological typing: structural components of the cells, such as cell wall constituents, capsules or envelopes, flagella, fimbriae; secretion products of the cells, such as exotoxins or extracellular enzymes; or antigens contained in the interior of the cells. Many of these antigens can be utilized for typing purposes. A large variety of serological reactions are available. The reactions most commonly used for epidemiological typing are presented in the chapter.