Investigational immunosuppressants in early-stage clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an immune mediated pathogenesis. Several therapies that suppress or modulate diverse immune system functions have been used for decades with the aim of modifying the disease course. However, these treatments have either limited efficacy or potentially serious adverse events that prevent first-line use on large scale.Areas covered: The aim of the present article is to review ongoing or recently completed clinical trials investigating immunosuppressive drugs for MS. The websites clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrialsregister.eu, and pubmed.gov were searched for phase 1, phase 2, and phase 3 trials starting from 2012. Twelve drugs were identified, including seven monoclonal antibodies and five small molecules.Expert opinion: Current or recently completed trials of immunosuppressants for MS are mainly proof-of-concept studies enrolling patients with relapsing disease and using efficacy endpoints bas...