Le cancer de l’estomac dans un pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne : aspects épidémiologiques, anatomocliniques et endoscopiques à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Le cancer de l’estomac constitue un probleme de sante publique dans le monde. Le but de notre travail etait d’evaluer la situation actuelle du cancer gastrique, a travers une description des aspects epidemiologiques, anatomo-cliniques et endoscopiques.Il s’est agi d’une etude transversale descriptive sur une periode de 42 mois. Ont ete inclus, tous cas de cancers gastriques confirmes histologiquement apres biopsie per-endoscopique. Les variables etudiees etaient : l’âge, le sexe, la circonstance du diagnostic, l’aspect endoscopique, et le type histologique. Les donnees ont ete saisies et analysees a l’aide du logiciel SPSS version 20. Au total 103 cas de cancers gastriques ont ete diagnostiques soit une moyenne annuelle de 29,4 cas. On denombrait 68 (66 %) hommes soit un sex-ratio de 1,9. L’âge moyen etait de 55,3 ± 13,4 ans (extremes de 20 et 90 ans). La tranche d’âges de 51 a 70 ans etait la plus representee avec 56 (54,4 %) cas. Les principaux symptomes au moment du diagnostic etaient les vomissements (n = 29 soit 28,2 %) et les epigastralgies (n = 23 soit 22,3 %). Plus de la moitie des cancers etait de localisation antrale (57,2 %) ; et la forme ulcero-bourgeonnante etait dominante (62,5 % ; n = 64). A l’histologie, l’adenocarcinome etait le type dominant (96,1%). L’adenocarcinome est le type de cancer gastrique frequent dans notre contexte avec une predominance masculine surtout a partir de 50 ans. Sa symptomatologie est dominee par les vomissements, preuve d’un diagnostic tardif. Mots-cles: cancer, estomac, epidemiologie, endoscopie, histologie, Bobo-Dioulasso English Title: Stomach cancer in a sub-Saharan African country: epidemiological, anatomical-clinical and endoscopic aspects in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) English Abstract Stomach cancer is a public health problem worldwide. The aim of our work was to assess the current situation of gastric cancer, through a description of the epidemiological, anatomical-clinical and endoscopic aspects. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 42-month period. Included were all histologically confirmed cases of gastric cancer after per-endoscopic biopsy. The variables studied were: age, sex, circumstance of diagnosis, endoscopic appearance, and histological type. The data were entered and analyzed by the SPSS. Results: 103 cases of gastric cancer were diagnosed, for an annual average of 29.4 cases. There were 68 (66%) men, or a sex ratio of 1.9. The average age was 55.3 ± 13.4 years (extremes of 20 and 90 years). The 51 to 70 age group was the most represented with 56 (54.4%) cases. The main symptoms at diagnosis were vomiting (n = 29 or 28.2%) and epigastralgia (n = 23 or 22.3%). More than half of the cancers were antral localized (57.2%); and the ulcer-budding form was dominant (62.5%; n = 64). At histology, adenocarcinoma was the dominant type (96.1%). Adenocarcinoma is the type of gastric cancer common in our context with a predominance of males, especially from the age of 50. His symptomatology is dominated by vomiting, evidence of a late diagnosis. Keywords: cancer, stomach, epidemiology, endoscopy, histology, Bobo-Dioulasso