A Case of Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Associated with Leprosy

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is a form of infection caused by dematiaceous fungi and frequently reported in the literature. It is considered as an emerging mycosis because it is increasingly reported among immunosuppressive patients. The most commonly cited etiologic agent is Exophiala jeanselmei, followed by Alternaria spp. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman, with a history of lepromatous leprosy, using corticosteroid in immunosuppressive doses due to a type 2 repetitive reaction leprosy outbreak, revealing subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis lesions. The diagnosis was confirmed by fine-needle aspiration of the secretion, with subsequent molecular analysis, and culture and direct mycological analyses.