Иммунобиологическое действие экстрактов и средств, полученных из высших грибов Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis и Leucoagaricus macrorhizus

Ganoderma lucidum, Leucoagaricus macrorhizus и средства «Хэюань» на показатели иммунной системы, такие как метаболическая активность макрофагов и мононуклеарных лейкоцитов селезенки мышей, относительная масса и клеточность лимфо-идных органов. Продемонстрировано повышение вышеуказанных показателей по сравнению с контролем. Наибольшее влияние осуществляло средство «Хэюань». Показано отсутствие противомикробного действия средства «Хэюань» против ряда бактерий.Specimens of ascomicota and basidiomicota are known for their medical properties for a long time. Particularly specimens of genus Ganoderma and Cordyceps are known in Chinese, Korean and Japanese medicine for more than 2000 years. It's known that tissues of these mushrooms contain more than 400 different bioactive compounds with wide specter of pharmacological activity. This article shows the results of our experiments focused on the immunomodulating and antimicrobial properties of some medicines and extracts obtained from higher fungi. We used extracts of mycelium and culture medium of Leucoagaricus macrorhizus and Ganoderma lucidum and medicine "Heuwan", containing polysaccharides of mushrooms Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum. We analysed oxygen-dependent metabolism of peritoneal macrophages, relative weight and cellularity of lymphoid organs, conducted MTT assay and determined minimal inhibitory concentrations of our medicines. Addition of 100 mkg/ml of L. macrorhizus culture medium increased oxygen-dependent metabolism in 2,7 times compared to control. Application of medicine "Heuwan" in concentration of 100 mkg/ml increased oxygen-dependent metabolism in 19 times compared to control. Application of L. macrorhizus to intact mice resulted in the increase of mononuclear leukocytes cytotoxic activity on 9,5 % compared to control. The medicine "Heuwan" increased cytotoxicity of mononuclear leukocytes of intact mice on 11%. L. macrorhizus and G. lucidum extracts affected on indexes of relative weight and cellularity of lymph nodes, spleens and thymuses of mice. The effective were application of 1% solution and concentrate of culture medium of L. macrorhizus. These concentrations affected more powerfully on thymuses and lymph nodes. Relative weight of mice spleen didn't change reliably compared to control at application of mycelium extract and all concentrations of culture medium of L. macrorhizus. Mycelium extract of this mushroom affected the most on relative cellularity of spleens. Relative weight of lymph nodes hadn't reliable changes in groups of mice, which got culture medium and water extract of G. lucidum. The most effect on relative cellularity caused application of mycelium water extract of this mushroom. This index increased twice compared to control. Both relative weight and cellularity of thymuses increased twice compared to control at application of G. lucidum 0,5% solution of culture medium. Application of G. lucidum affected more powerfully at mice spleens. Its represented in decrease of their relative weight and cellularity compared to control. The most effect on relative weight caused 0,5% and 1% solutions of culture medium, on cellularity 1% solution and concentrate of culture medium. Relative weight of lymph nodes of mice didn't change reliably compared to control at application of both L. macrorhizus and medicine "Heuwan". Relative cellularity at application of L. macrorhizus decreased in 1,8 times compared to control. Application of medicine "Heuwan" decreased relative cellularity in 6,4 times compared to control. Application of L. macrorhizus mycelium extract caused the increase of relative weight of spleens in 1,8 times compared to control, while "Heuwan " caused less increase of relative weight of spleens. Relative cellularity of spleens didn't change reliably in both experimental groups. Relative weight of thymuses decreased on 27% at application of medicine "Heuwan". L. macrorhizus hadn't effect on this parameter. Relative cellularity of thymuses didn't change in both groups compared to control. Research of antimicrobial activity of medicine "Heuwan" showed absence of it on all cultures of microorganisms. Thus, compounds of higher fungi didn't inhibit growth of pathogenic, conditionally pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria. Thus, extracts and medicines obtained from higher fungi have immunomodulating properties. Absence of antimicrobial activity allows to use these medicines without the risk of disorder of microbial homeostasis and to concentrate effect only on immune system of the patient.