Detecção da colonização por Streptococcus agalactiae e avaliação da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos em gestantes atendidas no Hospital Universitário de Brasília.

2012 
Objetivos. Estimar a taxa de colonizacao pelo estreptococo do grupo B e a suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos em um grupo de gestantes atendidas no Hospital Universitario de Brasilia. Metodo. Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo com coleta de dados secundarios em prontuario, que elencou 116 mulheres submetidas a obtencao de swab vaginal e ou retal para pesquisa de colonizacao pelo estreptococo do grupo B de 1.o de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de janeiro de 2011. Criterios de inclusao: mulher gestante a epoca da coleta, submetida a cultura de pelo menos um dos sitios referidos. Foram excluidas mulheres que fizeram uso de agente antimicrobiano por pelo menos quatorze dias antes da coleta das amostras. A identificacao do patogeno e determinacao da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos seguiram as normas internacionais do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Resultados. Atenderam aos criterios de inclusao 85 pacientes, das quais 74 submeteram-se a coleta de amostras vaginal e retal e 11 a coleta vaginal isoladamente por meio de swabs. A prevalencia de colonizacao foi 5,9% (cinco casos). Nenhuma amostra retal foi positiva. Observou-se falta de padronizacao quanto ao sitio anatomico retal mais apropriado para a coleta e em relacao as idades gestacionais minima e maxima para o rastreio. Todas as culturas mostraram suscetibilidade a vancomicina e a ampicilina. Quatro culturas foram suscetiveis ao ciprofloxacino, uma ao cloranfenicol e uma a eritromicina. Conclusao. Apesar da utilizacao de metodo e meio de cultura nao especificos, a frequencia encontrada na amostra e o espectro de sensibilidade antimicrobiano sao condizentes com os dados apresentados pelos estudos de prevalencia da literatura. No entanto, a implementacao de protocolo sistematizado podera aumentar a acuracia do rastreio do estreptococo do grupo B. Objectives: To estimate group B Streptococcus colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility in a group of pregnant women seen at the Department of gynecology of the University Hospital of Brasilia. Method: We carried out a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study with secondary data collection based on medical records. The study involved 116 women, who underwent vaginal and/or rectal swab testing to screen for group B streptococcus colonization from January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2011. The following inclusion criteria were considered: women who were pregnant at the time of sample collection and who had specimens collected of at least one of the sampling locations mentioned above. Women who had undergone antimicrobial treatment for at least fourteen days before sample collection were excluded from the study. Pathogen identification and antimicrobial-sensitivity determination followed the international guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Eighty-five patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 74 underwent collection of vaginal and rectal swabs and 11 underwent vaginal swab collection only. The prevalence of colonization was 5.9% (five cases). No rectal sample was positive. There was no standardization in relation to the most appropriate rectal location for sample collection or in relation to minimum and maximum gestational age. All cultures showed susceptibility to vancomycin and ampicillin. Four cultures were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, one was susceptible to chloramphenicol, and one to erythromycin. Conclusion: Although different methods and culture media were used, the frequency found in the sample and the spectrum of antimicrobial sensitivity are in accordance with data presented in prevalence studies in the literature. Nevertheless, implementation of a systematized protocol can improve accuracy in screening for group B Streptococcus.
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