Esófago hipercontráctil: contexto clínico y hallazgos motores en la manometría de alta resolución

BACKGROUND: Hypercontractile esophagus (HE) is a primary hypercontractile disorder of the esophageal musculature not frequently seen in the general population. It is characterized by the presence of at least one contraction with a very high amplitude and duration (DCI > 8,000 mmHg/s/cm) in patients with esophageal symptoms. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical context and manometric characteristics in patients with HE using highresolution manometry (HRM). METHODS: We thoroughly reviewed the clinical features and manometric findings of a total of 720 patients with esophageal symptoms that were attended in the Department of Gastroenterology of our hospital between June 2011 and June 2013. RESULTS: We found seven patients that met criteria for HE according to the Chicago Classification (2012). All of the patients were women (100%). Mean age was 64 years old. Most frequent symptoms were: Chest pain, dysphagia and heartburn.In one patient (14%) the HE was related to a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) outflow obstruction. Three patients (43%) had more than one hypercontractile contraction in the study. Four patient (57%) hade multipeaked pattern (Jackhammer esophagus) and y two of them were synchronized with respiration. Two patients (29%) were diagnosed with hiatus hernias. Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was not higher in hypercontractile contractions than in normal contractions. Only one patient presented a slight alteration of the relaxation (IRP-4s = 15 mmHg) with normal peristalsis, GEJ outflow obstruction and not multipeakeded pattern. One patient presented pathological acid exposure (PAE) in 24-hours pH-metry. CONCLUSIONS: HE is a rare disorder and HRM is essential for its correct diagnosis and characterization. The treatment of HE should achieve the disappearance or at least improvement of the patient´s symptoms and avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing.