Markers for the development of early prostate cancer

Publisher Summary This chapter describes markers for the development of early prostate cancer. In prostate cancer tissue, tenascin expression did not correlate with Gleason sum score but was significantly de-expressed as purinergic receptor and telomerase associated protein expression increased. Marked changes in tenascin, telomeraseassociated protein, and purinergic receptor expression were apparent well before any histologic abnormalities were visible by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, making these potential markers useful for early and developing prostate cancer. The potential increased accuracy of diagnosis of underlying prostate cancer using purinergic-receptor translocation (PRT) assessment suggests that prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels may be more accurate than has generally been supposed when the apparent false-negative results arising from H&E-based diagnoses are correctly categorized.