N‑Doped Porous Carbon–Fe x C Nanoparticle Composites as Catalysts for Friedel–CraftsAcylation
2020
Designing
highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the Friedel–Crafts
acylation (FCA) reaction is a very significant subject for the development
of green chemical industry. Herein, a series of nanosized iron carbide-encapsulated
N-doped porous carbons (FexC/NC-n) have been prepared through high-temperature pyrolysis
of the Fe-Zn bimetallic organic framework for the catalytic application
in FCA of aromatic compounds with acyl chlorides. A variety of characterization
results demonstrated that the nanosized iron carbides (FexC), which are wrapped inside of the graphitic carbon
shell, are the main active sites for the FCA reaction. Changing the
ratios of Fe/Zn can considerably influence the particle size of FexC and the thickness of the graphitic carbon
shell. The composition-optimized catalyst, named as FexC/NC-0.05, exhibited the highest activity and excellent
recyclability for the reaction. The relatively thin graphitic carbon
shell allows rapid penetration of reagents and, meanwhile, can also
provide effective protection for the active FexC particles against leaching by space confinement and electronic
effects, thus resulting in the formation of highly active and stable
FexC/NC-n catalysts for
the FCA reaction.
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