Hall–Petch relationships of iron and steel

AbstractThe Hall–Petch relationships of iron and steel for the yield σy and flow σf stresses are investigated experimentally and theoretically. A simple theory is presented for the coupling between the slopes of the plots σy–d−1/2 and σf–d−1/2, where d is grain diameter. The physical meaning of the so called ‘intragranular friction stresses’ evaluated from the Hall–Petch plots is critically discussed.