Actividad anti-Trichophyton rubrum del aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx y elaboración de una emulsión tópica

Clinopodium brevicalyx crece en regiones altoandinas surenas del Peru y tiene amplio uso popular, sin embargo hasta la fecha no se tienen investigaciones sobre su actividad frente a Trichophyton rubrum , hongo dermatofito antropofilico con afinidad por la queratina humana y de dificil tratamiento, causante de las micosis superficiales mas frecuentes como el pie de atleta, tina e infecciones en las unas. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar la actividad del aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx sobre Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188. El aceite esencial se obtuvo por hidrodestilacion, el porcentaje de rendimiento fue de 1,98 ± 0,02% (p/v), sus caracteristicas fisicoquimicas fueron: densidad relativa de 0,93654 g mL -1 , un indice de refraccion de 1,4625, una rotacion optica de 2,14°, un pH de 6,20. La composicion quimica del aceite esencial se determino usando un cromatografo de gases acoplado a un espectrometro de masas, identificando como componentes principales: isomentona (44,24 %), mentona (22,22 %) y pulegona (8,23 %). La sensibilidad de T. rubrum se evaluo por el metodo de difusion en disco, estableciendo que a mayor concentracion de aceite existe mayor sensibilidad del hongo, la concentracion minima inhibitoria del aceite se determino por el metodo de macrodilucion en caldo, obteniendo una concentracion minima inhibitoria (CMI) de 125 μL mL -1 .  La emulsion topica con diferentes porcentajes de aceite esencial, presento actividad antimicotica a partir del 12,5% usando el metodo de macrodilucion. Concluyendo que tanto el aceite esencial y la emulsion con aceite esencial de Clinopodium brevicalyx al 12,5% tienen actividad antifungica contra Trichophyton rubrum . ABSTRACT Clinopodium brevicalyx grows in the southern high Andean regions of Peru and has wide popular use, however to date there is no research on its activity against Trichophyton rubrum , an anthropophilic dermatophyte fungus with an affinity for human keratin and difficult to treat, causing the most common superficial mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm and nail infections. The aim of this research was to determine the activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium brevicalyx against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, the extraction rate was 1.98 ± 0.02% (w/v), and the physicochemical characteristics were: relative density of 0.93654 g mL -1 , a refractive index of 1.4625, an optical rotation of 2.14°, pH of 6.20. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, identifying as main components: isomentone (44.24 %), menthone (22.22 %) and pulegone (8.23 %). The sensitivity of T. rubrum was evaluated by the disk diffusion method, establishing that at higher oil concentration more sensitivity of the fungus, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil was determined by the broth macro-dilution, obtaining a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μL mL -1 (12,5%).  The topical emulsion with different percentages of essential oil, showed antifungal activity since 12.5% using the macrodilution method. Concluding that both the essential oil and the emulsion with essential oil of Clinopodium brevicalyx at 12.5% have antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum. Keywords: Chemical composition, Gas chromatography-mass espectrometry, agar diffusion, broth macrodilution.