The rigidity spectrum of the long-term cosmic ray variations during solar activity cycles 19–24

The monthly rigidity spectrum of cosmic ray (CR) variations in the 19-24 cycles of solar activity was obtained by the global survey method using the data of continuous ground and near-Earth monitoring of CRs, exempted from atmospheric and local effects.The changes of the spectrum, first obtained for such a long period, made it possible to reveal the features of large-scale effects in CR modulation, the presence of 22-year and 11-year CR variations in the spectrum, and confirm an abnormal spectrum change in the 70s. The paper assumes a rigidity spectrum of CRs, given in a three-parameter form. Analysis of the obtained long-term CR variations for particles with rigidity 10 GV shows that the amplitude of the 22-year wave in the CR intensity increases from cycle to cycle and reaches its maximum value at the minimum of 23/24th solar activity cycle. Softening of the spectrum at the cycle minima has been revealed for the negative polarity of the solar magnetic field (qA<0). The reasons for the abnormally high CR density at the minimum of the 24th cycle and the spectrum features in the 70s are discussed. The spectrum of long-term CR variations in the 19-24 solar activity cycles, determined from the experimental data, makes it possible to verify some conclusions of the theory of heliospheric CR modulation concerning the role of the magnetic drift of particles in cycles with the different polarity of the solar magnetic field. In particular, we propose the explanation for the observed R−2 spectrum of the variations in the minima of the negative solar activity cycles, related with the scattering of particles in the vicinity of the neutral current sheet.