The use of synthetic forms in preservation and exploitation of the gene pool of wild common wheat relatives

The results of investigation and exploitation of the synthetic genome-added form Triticum miguschovae (T. militinae/Aegilops tauschii) and genome-substituted forms Avrodes, Avrosis, Avrolata, Avrotata, Avroale, and Avrocum are reported. In the genome-substituted forms, genomes of Ae. speltoides, Ae. sharonensis, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. uniaristata, Secale cereale, and Agropyron glaucum are substituted for the D-genome of common wheat cultivar Avrora. The synthetic forms provide a unique genetic basis for preservation and use of the gene pool of wild relatives in wheat breeding. These forms have been used to produce secondary recombination synthetic forms (RS forms) with BBAADS, BBAASR, and BBAASSsh genome constitutions and cytologically stable introgression lines combining disease resistance and high protein content. Five common winter wheat cultivars have been developed on the basis of the introgression lines obtained.