Kinetic-energy transfer in highly-charged-ion collisions with carbon

We present an accurate theoretical model for the charge dependence of kinetic energy transferred in collisions between slow highly charged ions (HCIs) and the atoms in a carbon solid. The model is in excellent agreement with experimental kinetic-energy-loss data for carbon nanomembrane and thin carbon foil targets. This study fills a notable gap in the literature of charged-particle energy loss in the regime of low incident velocity (${v}_{p}\ensuremath{\lesssim}2.188\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ m/s) where charge states greatly exceed the equilibrium values.