Methods and apparatus for producing solid filaments in a vacuum chamber

Methods are described for producing a solid filament (1) from a liquid (2) in a vacuum chamber (70), comprising the steps of: liquefying a gas in a heat exchanger device (20) for producing the liquid (2) and (supply of the liquid 2) via a supply line (27) and (through a nozzle 30) in the vacuum chamber (70), wherein the liquefaction of the gas in the heat exchanger device (20) comprises the adjustment of a pT operating point of the liquid (2), in which the liquid (2) after emerging from the nozzle (30) into the vacuum chamber (70) is transferred into the solid state and forms a collimated beam and stable. There are also described nozzle assemblies for producing solid filaments (1) in a vacuum.