Optimal management for multifluid island microgrids

Microgrids are primarily small electrical grids designed to provide reliable electricity to few customers. Microgrids aggregate multiple production facilities, consumer installations, storage facilities as well as supervision and control tools. They can operate either in grid-connected mode or in an island mode. In the last few years, this concept has been expanding to heat and gas networks and begins to be thought of in a multifluid way. The authors consider the Sustainable Powering of Off-grid REgions (SPORE) microgrid which encompasses Singapore's largest wind turbine, photovoltaic panels, batteries and a power-to-power hydrogen system for powering fuel cell electric vehicles. To achieve a higher efficiency of the energy system and increase the interaction between different energy carriers, ENGIE Lab Crigen has developed an optimisation model for multifluid microgrids operating in island mode. Operational objectives are to minimise the net operating cost of the microgrid while satisfying the demand in electricity and hydrogen and enhancing the flexibility in terms of power supply. Nonlinear dispatch models are linearised to fit the mixed-integer linear programming framework used for higher computational efficiency. To assess the validity of the multifluid optimisation and show efficient interactions between electricity, hydrogen and transportation, standard operating scenarios have been simulated, allowing a day-ahead energy planning.