Energy Hole Minimization Technique for Energy Efficient Routing in Under Water Sensor Networks

Energy conservation is one of the challenging tasks in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) whether deployed on ground or underwater. Applications of Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are gradually increasing due to the remote nature of control and automatic data transmission to onshore base stations. However, this automatic mechanism of WSNs is totally based on their built-in battery, which can not be replaced during network operation. Depth based routing is a popular routing technique which, do not needs full dimensional location information. However, consideration of depth and residual energy information for selection of next hop are not enough for balanced energy consumption of WSNs. In this research work, we identified the areas where energy is consumed most in depth based routing techniques. Due to which energy hole may be created. In addition we introduced Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based location identification and multilevel power transmission in depth based routing technique. Simulation result shows that the proposed technique gives better results than its counterparts.