Enhanced sound transmission from water to air at low frequencies.

Excitation of acoustic radiation into the air from a low-frequency point source under water is investigated using plane wave expansion of the source spectrum and Rayleigh reflection/transmission coefficients. Expressions are derived for the acoustic power radiated into air and water as a function of source depth and given to lowest order in the air/water density ratio. Near zero source depth, the radiation into the water is quenched by the source’s acoustic image, while the power radiated into air reaches about 1% of the power that would be radiated into unbounded water.